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C # sharp : Arrays


Arrays, Collections & String Manipulation
Lesson Plan
Today we will explore arrays, collections and string manipulation in C#. First of all, we will explore
multidimensional rectangular and jagged arrays. We will also explore how foreach iterates through a collection.
Then we will move to collections and see how they are implemented in C#. Later, we will explore different
collections like ArrayLists, Stacks, Queues and Dictionaries. Finally, we will see how strings are manipulated in
C#. We will explore both the string and the StringBuilder types.
Arrays Revisited
As we have seen earlier, an array is a sequential collection of elements of a similar data type. In C#, an array is an
object and thus a reference type, and therefore they are stored on the heap. We have only covered single dimension
arrays in the previous lessons, now we will explore multidimensional arrays.
Multidimensional Arrays
A multidimensional array is an 'array of arrays'. A multidimensional array is the one in which each element of the
array is an array itself. It is similar to tables in a database where each primary element (row) is a collection of
secondary elements (columns). If the secondary elements do not contain a collection of other elements, it is called
a 2-dimensional array (the most common type of multidimensional array), otherwise it is called an n-dimensional
array where n is the depth of the chain of arrays. There are two types of multidimensional arrays in C#:
•  Rectangular array (one in which each row contains an equal number of columns)
•  Jagged array (one in which each row does not necessarily contain an equal number of columns)
The images below show what the different kinds of arrays look like. The figure also shows the indexes of different
elements of the arrays. Remember, the first element of an array is always zero (0).



REFERENCES:C# School book - 
programmersheaven




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Shut down, restart, log off and forced log off system using c sharp

In this article, I am going to show, 
  1. How to Shut Down a machine 
  2. How to Log Off a machine
  3. How to forced log off a machine
  4. How to restart a machine using c# 
To perform our task, very first let us create a windows application project.   On form drag and drop four buttons for four different operations.  After design form will look like below 

1.gif 

Navigate to code behind of form and add reference of System.Runtime.InteropServices

Add a static extern method to Form.cs

[DllImport("user32.dll")]
public static extern int ExitWindowsEx(int operationFlag, int operationReason);

Log off  the System 

On click event of Log Off button, call ExitWindowsEX method with proper flag.  For log off  operation flag value is 0. 

private void btnLogOff_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    ExitWindowsEx(0, 0);
}

Forced Log off the System 

On click event of Forced Log Off button, call ExitWindowsEX method with proper flag.  For Forced  log off  operation flag value is 4. 

private void btnForcedLogOff_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
   ExitWindowsEx(4, 0);
}

Shut Down the System

On click event of Shut down button, call ExitWindowsEX method with proper flag.  For shut down  operation flag value is 1. 

private void btnShutDown_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    ExitWindowsEx(1, 0);
}

Restart the System 

On click event of Restart button, call ExitWindowsEX method with proper flag.  For Restart  operation flag value is 2. 

private void btnRestart_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    ExitWindowsEx(2, 0);
}

Now when you run the application all system operation should be performed. 

For your reference full source code is given here 

Form.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace SystmShutDownApp
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }
        private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
        }
        [DllImport("user32.dll")]
        public static extern int ExitWindowsEx(int operationFlag, int operationReason);
        private void btnRestart_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
              ExitWindowsEx(2, 0);
        }
        private void btnLogOff_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            ExitWindowsEx(0, 0);
        }
        private void btnForcedLogOff_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
           ExitWindowsEx(4, 0);
        }
        private void btnShutDown_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            ExitWindowsEx(1, 0);
        }
    }
}

Thanks for reading. I hope post was useful. Happy Coding. 
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